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Copper Glycine: Past, Present, and Future

Historical Development

Copper as an essential trace mineral has captured the focus of both chemists and nutritionists since scientists discovered the connection between mineral intake and health. As research in amino acid chelation advanced during the twentieth century, researchers began binding minerals with amino acids to enhance biological absorption. Copper glycine, often called copper(II) bis(glycinato), came from those early studies, created so the body could recognize and digest copper more effectively. Instead of using generic metal salts, labs built molecules that mirrored natural processes; copper joined with glycine, forming a chelate stable in transit and active in metabolic pathways. Real-world testing started in animal science, particularly in poultry and swine feed, where lessons learned from successes and failures reshaped the way industry views trace mineral supplementation. Over the years, shifting regulatory guidelines and increasing scrutiny over mineral sources brought more attention to bioavailability and environmental impact, nudging copper glycine past simple salts toward broad acceptance.

Product Overview

Copper glycine acts as a tailored nutrient source delivering copper in a compact, usable form. The substance presents as a crystalline or powdery solid, sky-blue due to the copper ion's presence. Products go through rigorous batch testing to meet specific concentration standards, generally offering between 20–25% elemental copper. Because copper chelates dissolve differently than sulphates or oxides, feed formulators find more confidence in dosage and efficacy. Functional foods, feed additives, fertilizers, and certain pharmaceutical blends all apply copper glycine for its predictability and stability. Unlike unbound copper chloride, chelated forms reduce interaction with other minerals and additives, allowing for more precise formulation. Chemical suppliers register these products under standardized names, primarily copper bis-glycinate, copper(II) glycinate, or copper amino acid chelate, depending on jurisdictional and branding requirements.

Physical & Chemical Properties

Copper glycine stands out because of its deep blue color and crystalline structure. The form itself points to stability across a range of pH conditions used in food and feed processing. Copper’s +2 oxidation state bonds tightly with the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of glycine, yielding a chelate resistant to simple precipitation and degradation. The chelate does not clump or cake under normal storage conditions, benefiting both end-users and distributors. Its solubility in water supports even distribution when mixed into premixes or solutions, and it tolerates heating steps common in extrusion and pelleting processes. Analytical testing points to strong purity, with heavy metals and contaminants tightly monitored to ensure the molecule delivers only what the customer expects.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

Food, feed, and supplement producers demand accurate labeling. Manufacturers provide copper glycine with certificates of analysis confirming the copper fraction, residual glycine, loss on drying, and heavy metal content such as arsenic and lead; these often mirror national and international standards such as those found in FCC, JECFA, or EU Feed Additives Register. Labels display copper content, chemical formula (Cu(C₂H₅NO₂)₂), and production batch. Color, odor (almost nil), and bulk density typically appear in technical sheets to guide downstream users. The EU requires compliance statements for mineral feed supplements, and North America expects a full breakdown of active and inert content for traceability and safety. High transparency in labeling supports quality control departments and reduces the risk of under- or overdosing.

Preparation Method

Making copper glycine takes well-controlled chemistry. Starting with copper salts—often copper sulfate pentahydrate—processors dissolve copper in purified water, adjusting temperature and agitation for even mixing. Next, lab-grade glycine goes into solution, forming coordination bonds with copper ions. pH adjustment creates the sweet spot for chelation, typically using base to steer the reaction away from copper hydroxide precipitation. Once complete, filtration removes impurities and drying at low temperatures converts the solution to crystals or powder. Final milling produces a uniform product for easy addition to feed or food lines. Each run gets checked for copper content, moisture, and contaminants, reflecting the industry's focus on process consistency and food safety.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

Copper glycine’s chelate structure provides more than just stability. Its direct chemical reactions involve dissolution, exchange, and thermal breakdown. In a feed or supplement blend, chelation reduces reaction between copper and other ingredients, cutting down on unwanted insoluble or pro-oxidant species. Some labs experiment with adding different amino acids or ligands to tweak absorption and compatibility, branching into copper methionine or copper lysinate, for example. Less frequently, industrial users modify copper glycine’s structure to tailor it for plant nutrition, seeking slow-release characteristics or enhanced uptake through roots or foliage. With most applications focused on getting copper to the site of action and out of the environment, formulations stay close to the basic chelate, rarely requiring major modifications.

Synonyms & Product Names

Global commerce means materials land in the market under all sorts of banners. I have seen copper glycine packaged as “copper(II) glycinate”, “copper glycinato chelate”, “copper amino acid chelate”, or “bis(glycinato)copper(II)”. Nomenclature reflects both local chemical laws and marketing preference. In North American and European feed markets, “copper amino acid chelate” remains the most recognized label. Synonym lists in regulatory databases help buyers confirm the fit with country or sector rules, reducing the chances of misapplication or regulatory slip-ups. Suppliers often register common product codes, but the chemical formula (Cu(C₂H₅NO₂)₂) remains the most reliable for technical teams and importers.

Safety & Operational Standards

Copper glycine comes with responsibilities. Excess intake of copper causes toxic effects both in humans and animals, so proper formulation starts with accurate dosing, guided by expert advice and compliance policies. Facilities handling copper chelates stick to personal protective equipment: gloves, goggles, dust masks, and tight protocols for spillage, clean-up, and waste handling. Storage in cool, dry, ventilated rooms avoids accidental moisture uptake or mixing with incompatible compounds. Safety data sheets warn against ingestion in concentrated form, point to emergency procedures for spills, and provide first-aid guidelines. Routine medical monitoring can catch occupational overexposure early, and strong traceability throughout the supply chain helps limit off-label use or accidental misformulation.

Application Area

Copper glycine has earned a place in animal nutrition, especially in feeds for poultry, swine, aquaculture, and companion animals. Nutritionists remain drawn to its reliable absorption, linking improvements in growth rates, immune response, and fur or feather quality to balanced copper intake. In the crop sciences, copper glycine goes into foliar feeds and micronutrient blends to address soil copper deficiencies and support disease resistance. Small trials in human supplements point to better copper delivery, though regulatory approval and broad-market adoption crawl along behind the research. Some industrial enzyme blends for food processing benefit from copper’s catalytic function, with chelated forms helping maintain enzyme activity even at low dosages.

Research & Development

Research teams continuously push for better understanding of chelated mineral bioavailability. Comparing copper glycine to basic copper salts, scientists have shown superior copper retention and stronger physiological responses in livestock. Studies seek to pinpoint precisely how the chelate journeys from the digestive tract to target cells, and what metabolic pathways flip on in its presence. Innovation targets not just the chelated mineral itself, but the pairing of copper glycine with vitamins or other trace nutrients. By tweaking molecular ratios and additive combinations, formulators work toward maximum uptake with minimum excretion, lowering environmental copper runoff. Peer-reviewed journals keep up a steady flow of animal trial data, mechanistic studies, and reviews that challenge manufacturers to stay honest and continually raise the bar on product performance.

Toxicity Research

Copper toxicity draws sharp lines for safe use. Research spells out how surplus copper accumulates in organs—the liver in particular—triggering oxidative stress, growth lag, and sometimes lethal effects in animals and people. For copper glycine, studies report an improved safety profile over simple mineral salts, with wider gaps between required and toxic doses, mainly thanks to more predictable uptake. Still, researchers run chronic exposure trials to uncover subtle subclinical effects and to determine interaction outcomes when copper chelates share feed or water with zinc, iron, or manganese. Regulatory agencies use these findings to set upper limits for supplementation in foods and feeds, constantly weighing benefit and risk. The field remains vigilant for emerging toxicity patterns as the popularity of chelated minerals grows around the world.

Future Prospects

The global move to boost nutrition and reduce feed waste points toward continued growth for copper glycine and similar chelated minerals. Pressure mounts from regulatory authorities to curb copper pollution and lower the use of inefficient copper salts, creating clear space for chelates that minimize environmental load. Research targets highly efficient mineral delivery vehicles—right now, this means even better chelates, more sophisticated feed premixes, and tailored micronutrient packages adjusted for specific species or soil types. As digitization creeps into agriculture and animal health, data-driven supplementation could rely on chelated copper to keep levels steady and precise. Overall demand for amino acid–bound trace minerals spans animal science, human wellness, and agronomy, giving copper glycine a seat at the table for the foreseeable future.



What is Copper Glycine used for?

Why Copper Matters

A lot rides on copper. It's one of those essential trace minerals that often gets overlooked, but it plays a big role in both human and animal health. Cells handle copper to power up enzymes that keep our bodies ticking—think energy production, iron absorption, and protection from oxidative damage. In the world of farming, copper goes into animal feed to help with growth and immunity. Poor copper intake in young animals leads to all sorts of trouble: slow growth, weak immunity, and even trouble with bone formation. That’s where copper glycine comes in.

Copper Glycine – A Smarter Form

Copper glycine makes use of chelation. Chelation is just a way of attaching a mineral, here copper, to an amino acid, like glycine. This creates a molecule that animals (and people, in supplements) absorb better than regular copper salts. My experience in working with livestock nutritionists tells me this form helps solve some old problems, especially in high-performance animals. Traditional copper sources, like copper sulfate, often interact with other elements in feed (like phytates or fiber), which can tie up copper and leave less for the animal to use. Chelated forms, such as copper glycine, don’t get bound up so easily. As a result, copper actually reaches the tissues that need it.

Feed Supplementation

Look in any modern feed mill and you’ll spot chelated minerals in premixes. Copper glycine stands out in the lineup for two reasons: better absorption by the gut and less stress on the environment. By feeding chelated copper, farms can use lower doses—and still support animal health and performance. That reduces copper in manure, an environmental concern especially on larger farms. In chickens, copper glycine contributes to feather growth, stronger bones, and improved resistance to infection. Pig farmers notice stronger litters and fewer cases of anemia when switching to this type of supplement. There are also anecdotal reports of shinier coats and healthier hooves in horses getting chelated copper.

Other Uses in Human Nutrition

Some multivitamin brands now add copper glycine to their products. Nutritionists see a benefit here because it absorbs better than inorganic sources. Poor copper status in humans links to anemia, brittle bones, and weak immune response. In my own experience, athletes and people recovering from illness sometimes ask for chelated forms because they’re gentler on sensitive stomachs. Anyone with diagnosed copper deficiency needs to follow professional advice, as too much copper brings its own set of risks.

Sustainability and Safety

Copper toxicity worries people in both agriculture and environmental circles. Over-applying copper sulfate in fields knocks out good soil microbes, which hurts crop health over time. Chelated copper sources like copper glycine let farms use less copper altogether, which lowers the risk of buildup in animal waste and waterways.

I’ve seen research from reputable labs showing that chelated copper doesn’t lose effectiveness over time, even when stored in regular conditions. The science supports its safety—when handled right and dosed according to expert guidelines.

What Stands in the Way

Cost is one barrier. Chelated minerals cost more than conventional salts. Small farms sometimes skip them to save money upfront. There’s also a learning curve with new feed ingredients, and some suppliers don’t offer clear information on how to use copper glycine. It’s important to rely on trusted brands, ideally those with third-party certifications and transparent labeling.

Looking Forward

Animal feed is changing fast. Copper glycine isn’t just a trend; it’s backed by years of research and broad field use. With copper deficiencies causing production losses worldwide and environmental concerns gaining attention, it feels like chelated copper forms, including copper glycine, will keep gaining ground for livestock and potentially for people who need targeted supplements.

Is Copper Glycine safe for human consumption?

Understanding Copper Glycine

Walking down the supplement aisle, you’ll see all sorts of minerals with unfamiliar names, like copper glycine. This form seems to pop up in everything from animal feeds to human multivitamins. The basic idea blends copper—a mineral needed for our bodies—with glycine, an amino acid. Manufacturers claim this makes copper easier to absorb. It’s marketed toward folks looking for better trace mineral support, especially people with specific dietary needs or gut issues.

What Science Says About Copper Glycine

Copper isn’t just a trace mineral stuck on a nutrition chart. You need it for making red blood cells, keeping your immune system working, and protecting nerves. Too little, and you run into anemia and nerve issues; too much spells trouble for your liver and guts. The World Health Organization sets a tolerable upper daily intake for adults at 10 mg.

Copper glycine chelate (sometimes called copper bisglycinate) links copper to two glycine molecules. Research shows chelated minerals often absorb better than inorganic forms. Several animal studies, and a few clinical trials in humans, suggest copper glycine delivers the mineral safely, especially in supplements. Absorption rates come out higher than old standbys like copper sulfate. You find similar chelates used in baby formula for their bioavailability.

Regulatory Oversight and Limitations

Regulatory agencies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allow copper as a dietary supplement, and copper glycine sits among the forms considered generally recognized as safe for use in foods and pills. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has set maximum supply for trace minerals in foods and food supplements. Products normally keep copper content well below danger levels. Still, too much copper taken over a long period could lead to stomach upset, liver damage and kidney stress, even if the form absorbs more gently.

Personal Experiences and Safety Considerations

In my own work in nutrition counseling, hardly anyone comes through the door showing copper deficiency. In a typical Western diet, you’re picking up copper from nuts, whole grains, beans, shellfish, and even tap water flowing through copper pipes. Most people’s copper levels fall safely in range without added supplements. Medical conditions like Menkes disease or Wilson’s disease change this, but those are rare and require specialist monitoring.

Supplements tempt us with faster fixes, especially for fatigue or brittle hair. Still, a blood test from your doctor gives a clearer answer than guessing with extra copper. Users mixing multiple supplements should especially check for overlap—the multivitamin, green powders, and protein bars might sneak in more copper than you realize.

Looking Forward: Smarter Use, Better Outcomes

Safer supplement use comes down to two things: knowing why a nutrient matters, and checking with professionals who can sort real deficiency from hype. Copper glycine, as backed by current science, looks safe in recommended amounts. People with kidney or liver issues, kids, and pregnant women need closer supervision because their tolerance for copper can look different.

Health companies could do more here—clearer labels, consumer education, and highlighting the risks of piling up nutrients without guidance. Doctors and dietitians help sort out your actual need. Food almost always beats pills for steady, safe mineral intake. Supplements should step in only if diet, medical condition, or absorption issues demand extra help. That’s the real key to safety with copper glycine or any other mineral.

What is the recommended dosage of Copper Glycine?

Copper Glycine in Daily Life

Copper Glycine enters most people’s conversations through discussions about supplements or animal feed—not exactly your typical dinner table topic. Since copper supports the immune system, helps with iron absorption, and plays a part in several body functions, it’s often considered in nutrition plans. But adding a trace element like copper to a routine isn’t as straightforward as plucking a number off the internet.

The Value of Measurements

Getting the dose right matters. Too little copper and problems like anemia or weak bones could set in. Too much, and headaches, stomach upsets, or even copper toxicity come into play. My time in animal husbandry taught me never to cut corners on mineral recommendations. A small mistake can make livestock ill—something you don’t forget in a hurry.

Research-Backed Dosage

Science points to daily copper intake recommendations in the range of 0.9 milligrams for most adults, according to the National Institutes of Health. Copper Glycine, a chelated form, is usually absorbed better by the body than inorganic versions like copper sulfate. Because of this, doses tend to be lower to avoid overloading the system.

Manufacturers often suggest capsules containing copper glycine compounds that provide between 1mg and 2mg of elemental copper per day, which lines up with the recommended allowance. Supplements often carry a caveat: talk to a doctor if you have liver problems or conditions like Wilson’s disease, which mess with copper metabolism.

Animal Nutrition Practices

Farmers and veterinarians have relied on copper glycine chelate to support livestock. Dairy cows might get 10-15 mg of elemental copper per day. Swine and poultry numbers shift around, but always stay within set guidelines to avoid the risk of toxicity. Over the years, regulators like the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and FDA have posted maximum permissible levels to keep food safe and animals healthy.

Sources Matter

Not every copper supplement is created equal. The form, whether it’s copper glycine, copper gluconate, or copper sulfate, determines absorption rate. Chelated minerals like copper glycine are generally kinder on the stomach. This isn’t marketing fluff; I’ve seen better outcomes in herds and improved blood chemistry from switching out older supplement mixes.

The Importance of Monitoring

Regular blood checks offer the best way to know if copper intake sits in the right range. If you’re taking supplements or adjusting animal feed, lab work and a conversation with a healthcare provider or vet prevents issues down the line. I’ve observed more than a few cases where symptoms started off vague—fatigue, digestive trouble, a stubborn cough—only to trace back to copper levels running out of balance.

Solutions and Sensible Choices

Smart health choices come from knowledge, not guesswork. Copper Glycine deserves respect for its benefits, but skipping the expert guidance part is a trap. A diet with lots of shellfish, nuts, seeds, and whole grains supplies copper naturally, often reducing or eliminating the need for supplements. If supplementation seems like the answer, checking labels, understanding what “elemental copper” means, and consulting a trusted professional builds a safer plan.

What are the benefits of using Copper Glycine in animal feed?

Animal Health Starts with Trace Nutrition

Walking through any modern animal farm, you can’t help but notice the intense focus on productivity and health. Years ago, many farmers believed grains alone could sustain their livestock. Today, decades of research have taught us otherwise. Copper sits high on the list of vital trace minerals, and its glycine-bound form stands out for good reason.

Why Glycine Matters

I used to wonder why more attention wasn’t paid to how minerals are delivered. Anyone who’s seen the difference between poorly-absorbed mineral salts and chelated options sees it clear as day. When copper gets paired with glycine, absorption rates rise. The animal’s gut almost seems to recognize the amino acid and ushers copper through efficiently. Scientific studies back this up, reporting higher tissue copper storage and lower excretion rates when feed includes copper glycine.

Fewer Health Issues, Stronger Growth

Low copper brings on rough coats, sluggish growth, and brittle hooves. I’ve met farmers who remember these problems clearly before they switched to glycine-chelated copper. Getting enough copper means stronger bones, healthy nervous systems, and a better immune shield against common infections. Productivity gains are real – more efficient weight gain, especially in pigs and poultry, less illness, and a noticeable drop in lameness and fertility hurdles among dairy cows.

Environmental Benefits Worth Noting

Copper sulfate used to be the standard. But much of it passed through the animal, ending up in manure. Excess trace minerals washing into soil and water do long-term harm. By helping animals absorb and use copper more completely, glycine-chelated sources cut down mineral waste. I’ve seen this shift drive down copper levels measured in runoff from feedlots. It’s not just good for business – it helps lower the farm’s environmental cost.

Feed Efficiency and Economic Sense

Running a farm means watching costs. Feed counts for a huge chunk of the budget. Feeding copper glycine can shrink the gram-per-day dose compared to old-style copper salts – so despite the higher up-front cost, feed conversion improves. More copper gets used and less is tossed out, which helps both the bottom line and resource use. I’ve read papers showing that over a commercial flock’s lifespan, improved feed efficiency and health can offset the higher price of the chelated mineral.

Animal Welfare and Product Quality

Healthier livestock means fewer antibiotics, less downtime, and better meat, milk, or eggs. Consumers notice. Many buyers now expect food to come from well-cared-for animals. Chelated minerals like copper glycine don’t just improve numbers in a feed ledger – they can result in animals that look and feel healthier, and products that meet rising quality standards.

Practical Approaches for Farmers

I’ve spoken to animal nutritionists who recommend monitoring current copper intake and deficiency signs before tweaking feeds. It's best to introduce chelated sources gradually. Mixing copper glycine with other amino acid chelates can create a more balanced nutrient plan. Reliable feed suppliers test their additives for purity and absorption, which helps farms avoid surprises down the line. There’s no single approach, but more experts see copper glycine paying off where animal health and sustainable farming matter most.

Are there any side effects or risks associated with Copper Glycine?

The Common Uses of Copper Glycine

Copper plays a crucial role in how our bodies work. It’s needed for forming red blood cells, keeping nerves healthy, and even helping immune systems do their jobs. Copper glycine, a compound of copper and the amino acid glycine, pops up in everything from supplements to animal feed. Its popularity grows because it’s supposed to absorb better than other copper sources.

Too Much of a Good Thing

Our bodies don’t handle copper overload well. Most folks get enough copper through food—nuts, shellfish, chocolate—and don’t realize how easy it is to cross from enough to too much. Adding copper glycine, especially in supplement form, can raise copper levels fast. Too much copper may build up in the liver, sometimes leading to damage. High copper can spark nausea, stomach pain, or even vomiting. In some cases, people develop headaches, dizziness, and fatigue.

Where the Risks Get Serious

Safe thresholds matter. The FDA suggests an upper intake level of 10 mg per day for adults. Some reports, mostly from animal studies, show adverse effects at lower doses when copper is supplied over months. In rare cases, excess copper has caused liver failure, especially in people with undiagnosed liver issues like Wilson's disease. With copper glycine, the concern isn’t just about taking too much copper—glycine at recommended levels doesn’t tend to harm, but copper is tricky because it accumulates quietly.

Interactions and the Bigger Health Picture

I’ve heard stories from nutritionists who’ve seen patients suffer copper toxicity without realizing copper supplements built up slowly alongside copper-rich diets. Too much copper can mess with zinc absorption, leading to its own set of problems—think poor immunity or trouble healing wounds. Pregnant women, kids, and people with kidney or liver conditions face more risk if copper intake isn’t watched closely.

Why Some Still Recommend Copper Glycine

This compound turns up often in animal feed, where nutritionists try to prevent deficiency in livestock. In the right setting, a chelated copper compound like copper glycine does have advantages: it absorbs well and producers can use less of it to get the same result. For humans, absorption perk only makes sense if there’s an actual copper shortage, something doctors rarely see if people eat a regular diet.

What Makes Safe Use Possible

Getting copper checked before starting a supplement changes the story. A blood test, along with guidance from a medical provider, can tell someone if adding copper is needed at all. Careful tracking of supplements makes sure copper intake stays within safe ranges. Honest labeling and clear communication from manufacturers would help—people rarely suspect risks with something labeled as an amino acid complex.

What Could Make the Situation Better

Education pushes people to look at their diets before reaching for a supplement. Health professionals recommend building copper intake mainly from food, not pills, except for specific doctor-supervised situations. For manufacturers, pushing for more transparency on labels and issuing warnings for at-risk groups could keep consumers safe. Copper glycine isn’t something to toss into a daily routine the way most folks might with a multivitamin. Dietary supplements deserve the same respect and caution as prescription drugs—because sometimes, the risks outshine the supposed benefits.

Copper Glycine
Copper Glycine
Copper Glycine
Names
Preferred IUPAC name Bis(glycinato)copper(II)
Other names Copper(II) bis(glycinate)
Copper glycinate
Copper diglycinate
Bis(glycinato)copper(II)
Glycine copper complex
Pronunciation /ˈkɒpər ˈɡlɪsiːn/
Identifiers
CAS Number 1073-89-6
Beilstein Reference 853250
ChEBI CHEBI:85190
ChEMBL CHEMBL1233351
ChemSpider 64755
DrugBank DB11160
ECHA InfoCard 07be60d7-afe8-4868-a6f3-3fd42685c6d1
EC Number 1344-43-0
Gmelin Reference Gmelin Reference: 87993
KEGG C01021
MeSH D017172
PubChem CID 69841098
RTECS number MB8200000
UNII 81Y345281O
UN number UN3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID4059966
Properties
Chemical formula C4H8CuN2O4
Molar mass 180.63 g/mol
Appearance Light blue crystalline powder
Odor Odorless
Density D: 1.27 g/cm3
Solubility in water Soluble in water
log P -3.32
Vapor pressure Negligible
Acidity (pKa) 8.2
Basicity (pKb) 8.1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −14.0×10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.540
Dipole moment 1.98 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 130.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) -537.42 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) -1295.7 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code A12CX04
Hazards
Main hazards Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. Causes skin irritation. Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
GHS labelling GHS02, GHS07
Pictograms GHS07,GHS09
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements H302: Harmful if swallowed.
Precautionary statements P264, P270, P273, P301+P312, P330, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1-1-0
Lethal dose or concentration LD50 (oral, rat): 720 mg/kg
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose) of Copper Glycine: "3,700 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH No data
PEL (Permissible) 1 mg/m3
REL (Recommended) 150 mg/kg complete feed
IDLH (Immediate danger) Not established
Related compounds
Related compounds Copper(II) sulfate
Glycine
Copper(II) acetate
Copper(II) chloride
Cobalt glycine complex