Nickel chemistry, a field with roots stretching back to the early 19th century, offers a long story of curiosity meeting practical demand. Nickel Bromide Trihydrate emerged from the age-old desire to harness the unique properties of nickel for catalysis and material synthesis. Over the decades, early laboratory experiments gave way to refined processes, and researchers paid close attention to hydration states and purity. Nickel compounds found early use in pigments and electroplating. With time, attention shifted to their application in organic synthesis as society leaned more on complex chemicals for everyday technology. The synthesis of the trihydrate form once stood mostly within academic pursuits, but the expansion of specialty chemicals markets turned this laboratory curiosity into a valued resource.
Nickel Bromide Trihydrate appears as a green, crystalline solid that packs a punch far beyond its appearance. This compound offers value for chemists and industries seeking a reliable nickel source in both research and production settings. It often comes securely packaged in sealed glass or polyethylene due to its sensitivity to moisture and the necessity of purity for downstream uses. Reliable labeling includes molecular formula (NiBr2·3H2O), molar mass, and hazard statements. For anyone spending as much time in a lab as a desk, this compound is more familiar than one might expect, given its niche uses.
The trihydrate form of nickel bromide features a green color and forms monoclinic crystals. It dissolves well in water, releasing ionic nickel and bromide into solution. Heating drives off water, converting it into anhydrous nickel bromide, shifting physical and chemical behavior significantly. Nickel bromide does not release fumes under mild conditions, but heating or reactions with strong acids may produce toxic bromine vapors. Its density lands close to 3.55 g/cm3. It stands out among nickel salts for its solubility and the reactivity derived from both its metal center and halide ligands.
A typical analytical or technical grade label for Nickel Bromide Trihydrate lists the purity—usually 98% or greater—hydroscopic risks, storage requirements, and batch identification. Regulatory standards force suppliers to specify CAS number (7789-47-1), hazard pictograms, and GHS-compliant warning phrases. Rigorous attention to batch consistency matters deeply to researchers and process chemists who expect predictable reactivity, especially when scaling up from bench to pilot plant. Certificates of Analysis (COA) often accompany shipments, listing results for impurities such as iron, copper, or sulfate, which can sabotage sensitive chemistry.
The common laboratory synthesis starts with nickel carbonate or nickel(II) oxide, which dissolves in hydrobromic acid under controlled conditions. The solution is filtered, concentrated, and allowed to crystallize—giving a crop of trihydrate crystals. This hands-on process requires careful addition to manage exothermic release and toxic fumes. As a younger chemist, I watched a supervisor show respect for hydrobromic acid, underscoring how safety protocols directly relate to both yield and well-being. Alternative routes rely on reacting nickel metal directly with bromine water, a method reserved for those working within serious containment.
Nickel Bromide Trihydrate shows its flexibility in the lab. In organic synthesis, it acts as a catalyst for coupling reactions and reductions that are tough to pull off with other nickel sources. Reduction with hydrogen gas or phosphines transforms nickel(II) to nickel(0) complexes—species that drive complex carbon bond construction in pharmaceutical and materials chemistry. It serves as a precursor for producing other nickel complexes by ligand exchange, such as phosphine or amine adducts. Careful modification shifts its behavior from ionic solubility to organometallic reactivity. Here, small tweaks have big impact, something often underappreciated until a batch under-performs and troubleshooting points back to the initial nickel source.
Nickel(II) bromide trihydrate surfaces in purchase orders and research papers under several names: Nickelic bromide, NiBr2·3H2O, and just plain “nickel bromide hydrate.” Trade literature and catalogs may list it as Nickelous bromide or reference the hexahydrate or anhydrous variants, so close attention to the hydration state prevents costly mistakes. Skimming a poorly written inventory or missing a suffix can mean ordering the wrong compound altogether, which I’ve learned the hard way.
Nickel Bromide Trihydrate demands strict adherence to chemical safety best practices. The compound is toxic if inhaled or ingested, and contact with the skin or eyes causes irritation. Chronic exposure links to sensitization, especially among those repeatedly handling nickel salts without proper engineering controls or PPE. Effective local exhaust ventilation—standard in modern labs—reduces airborne exposure. Storage requires tightly sealed containers away from oxidants and acids, protected from humidity. Spills cleaned right away with protective gloves and goggles prevent more serious accidents. Monitoring airborne and contact levels, as enforced under workplace safety standards like OSHA or REACH, protects workers—something every responsible lab manager checks up on regularly.
Nickel Bromide Trihydrate finds use in organic synthesis as a catalyst, pigment precursor, and intermediate for nickel plating solutions. In industrial chemistry, its primary value shows up in making complex organic compounds, especially where other nickel sources either fall short or introduce unwanted contaminants. Academic researchers depend on its predictable reactivity when developing new coupling reactions, cross-coupling of aryl halides, or as an entry point to other nickel complexes. Its ability to unlock new chemistry often brings it into grant proposals or patent filings. A surprising number of boutique processes—from pharmaceutical scale-up to nanomaterial synthesis—rely on this overlooked salt for its unique blend of reactivity and compatibility with other reagents.
Recent years have seen an uptick in research using Nickel Bromide Trihydrate for catalysis in green chemistry, electrochemical nickel deposition, and magnetic materials creation. In our research group, experiments explored the role of hydration in tuning catalytic activity. More universities and startups are investing in nickel-catalyzed reactions that minimize waste or lower costs for vital drug building blocks. Research papers document the interplay of ligand selection, solvent, and reaction temperature—fine details that make or break a project. Progress comes from hard work, trial, and learning from every failed experiment as much as the successful ones.
Scientists have studied the toxicological profile of nickel bromide trihydrate over generations. Short-term exposure often triggers dermatitis in sensitive workers, while long-term contact ties into increased risk of respiratory issues or sensitization. Animal studies have shown carcinogenic effects after prolonged high-level exposure to nickel compounds. Regulatory agencies like the EPA and IARC cite nickel(II) compounds as potential carcinogens. People moving to all-digital work may forget the real chemical hazards behind their screens, but anyone who’s dealt with chemical accidents knows the price of ignoring strict safety measures. Labs and workplaces enforce rigid exposure limits, regular health monitoring, and emergency response drills to reduce risks.
Looking ahead, Nickel Bromide Trihydrate sits squarely in the path of new technology demands. The growth of organometallic catalysis and green chemistry has breathed life into research surrounding nickel compounds. As industry searches for cheaper, more efficient transition metal catalysts, nickel often offers a cost and performance edge over precious metals. Environmental regulations push researchers to replace outdated, less safe reactions with nickel-based alternatives that generate fewer byproducts and improve energy efficiency. Companies exploring batteries, magnetic materials, or advanced coatings turn to nickel sources that are more easily tailored and compatible with new processing techniques. Efforts continue in lowering toxicity, improving recycling, and capturing value from spent catalysts. The demand for more reliable, well-characterized sources of nickel—like trihydrate bromide—grows as every sector chases better performance at a lower environmental and financial cost.
Nickel bromide trihydrate gets a nod in a lot of research labs and chemical factories. This green, crystalline salt—formed by combining nickel, bromine, and water—shows up when someone wants to make something happen with nickel and needs water along for the ride. Not a celebrity outside chemistry circles, yet inside those labs, it finds steady work.
Making medicines requires creative problem-solving. Researchers often look for a catalyst—a helper that speeds up or makes possible tricky chemical reactions. Nickel bromide trihydrate plays that role in cross-coupling reactions. Someone once explained to me how they used it to join two organic pieces together that otherwise refused to combine in the pot. In many labs, this salt steps in to enable couplings where cheaper or more common catalysts flop.
Pharmaceutical researchers run into those situations when searching for new antibiotics, painkillers, or anti-cancer molecules. The difference between an ordinary molecule and the next blockbuster drug sometimes comes down to an elegant swap at a single atom—a swap nickel bromide trihydrate speeds up. Journal articles back up this claim, showing that the salt has helped create compounds tested for medical advancement. There’s no jumping straight from flask to pharmacy, but those early-stage breakthroughs spark the hopes that drive the whole drug discovery chase.
Chemistry offers both opportunity and risk. Nickel salts, including nickel bromide trihydrate, have raised concerns. Studies show exposure can cause skin problems or, with enough repetition, allergic reactions in workers. The wider issue comes from the World Health Organization and other agencies highlighting nickel’s potential as a carcinogen after long-term exposure. For folks working with the salt day in and day out, gloves, shields, and good ventilation aren’t extras—they’re the basics.
During grad school, I watched several friends spend almost as much effort learning lab safety as the chemistry itself. Protocols exist for a reason. Industry workers and lab students protect themselves because the risks feel real, not just theoretical. This salt, like many others, offers results but also demands respect.
People worry more now about what goes down the drain and up the fume hood. Nickel compounds linger in the environment, where they can harm fish and water quality. Change is already happening. Research groups search for alternatives or try to recover their nickel salts after each use. Some projects swap in cheaper metals like iron or even newer enzymes, but nickel compounds remain trusted tools in complex reactions.
Industry leaders and regulators push for better recycling systems. Some companies recover and reuse their transition metal salts, following guidance from studies published by chemical safety boards. These closed-loop ideas save money, reduce waste, and protect workers. Using less harmful solvents or scaling down nickel use only makes sense. Nobody loves wearing heavy gloves and goggles, but smart processes let teams cut down on chemical risks without giving up reliability.
Nickel bromide trihydrate sits at the crossroads of science and safety. For every bottle opened in a lab, there’s a set of decisions happening in the background about impact, health, and progress. Paying attention to chemicals like this one isn’t only about regulations—it's also about personal and community responsibility. By understanding both what the salt can do and how to handle it with care, the world of research and industry keeps moving forward without closing its eyes to the risks along the way.
For those dealing with chemistry, making sense of formulas feels like second nature. People see “Nickel Bromide Trihydrate” and want its formula fast, but it pays to stop and break it down. There is value in knowing more than just NiBr2·3H2O. The magic comes from those three extra water molecules. They change more than just numbers on a label—they transform how the compound behaves and appears in the lab.
Nickel(II) Bromide on its own, NiBr2, builds the foundation. Add three water molecules per formula unit and you land on Nickel Bromide Trihydrate, NiBr2·3H2O. Chemists take this formula for granted, but students and professionals in the field both use it to keep experiments running right. Pull out a bottle with “trihydrate” on the label and you see that pale green, crystalline powder—so far from the dry, anhydrous version. Precision in measurement matters. Just one wrong step and things spiral: reactions yield less, equipment corrodes, labs face unnecessary risks.
I remember a project in college where we measured transition metal compounds by mass. A lab partner misread the label, assumed he had the anhydrous form, and our result went sideways. Water in hydrates helps make up the weight—get that wrong, and every calculation goes off. Problems like this carry real cost for researchers and makers in industry. An overestimation on reactants leads to incomplete reactions, unwanted leftovers, lost time, and confusion. Projects waste money over mistakes this simple.
Experts recommend checking product specs and safety data sheets every time a hydrate or salt comes in. Evidence shows lab errors often trace back to skipping these steps. Anyone mixing reagents in pharmaceuticals, coatings, or catalysts faces the threat of regulatory fines or product recalls when they don’t pay attention. According to safety regulators, mislabeling and mismeasurement show up among the top ten causes of chemical accidents.
Better habits beat confusion. I’ve found a sticky note on top of bottles with the correct mass calculation—taking the full hydrate formula into account—makes a difference. Color-coding or marking storage locations for hydrates keeps the work area straight. I keep printouts of molecular weights handy for reference. These small details save time, money, and headaches.
I have seen stubborn pride get in the way of admitting a formula was overlooked. Open discussion between team members cuts through this. People share tips that prevent the same missteps. Training sessions that go beyond theory and actually use compounds in their hydrated and anhydrous forms show staff what differences matter.
Remembering that the chemical formula of Nickel Bromide Trihydrate is NiBr2·3H2O comes easy with enough repetition. What really changes the game is learning the habits and checks that keep projects and people safe. Every label counts, every formula matters.
Storing something like Nickel Bromide Trihydrate feels mundane if you’re used to dealing with reagents in a lab. A powder in a bottle, a name on a shelf. Skipping the safety details can be tempting—but the habits built around hazardous materials speak loudest when something goes wrong. It’s easy to let your guard down, but just because nickel bromide doesn’t jump out at you like fuming acids doesn’t mean it’s risk-free.
I spent a few years as a research assistant in an inorganic lab, and every shelf told a story. Sometimes it’s a story about someone trying to save space and shoving things together. Sometimes it’s the tale of a worn-out glove leaving green fingerprints on glass. Nickel Bromide Trihydrate, sitting quietly with its crystalline appearance, can be toxic and cause skin irritation. Constant exposure or carelessness can have real health effects. It doesn’t steal headlines, but heavy metal compounds like these travel into places you wouldn’t expect—on your hands, on your clothes, onto surfaces you share with coworkers.
A dry, well-ventilated chemical cabinet with clear separation between incompatible substances is basic diligence. Moisture can degrade or change the quality of nickel compounds, so keeping this trihydrate away from humid areas really matters. Containers need tight, undamaged lids; otherwise, powder leaks and moisture creeps in. I’ve seen labs use old bottles—cracked stoppers, faded labels, dried-up tape—that basically invite trouble. Each bad habit adds up.
In my early days, someone stored oxidizers and organics on the same shelf “just for now.” It turned into a near-miss. Nickel compounds can build pressure if given the wrong company, leading to breakage. Maybe it’s not the dramatic disaster you see in lab safety videos, but it’s often the silent stuff that surprises you—a powder escaping a cracked jar, dusts contaminating a clean batch, or a slow reaction that spoils thousands of dollars worth of chemicals.
Proper labeling feels obvious but gets skipped more than you’d think. Legible writing, hazard symbols, and dates make a big difference in both daily work and emergencies. Nobody wants to waste half a day figuring out what’s in a bottle with a smeared label. Taking inventory every few months means spotting any leaks, damage, or storage issues before they get worse.
Personal protection isn’t complete without gloves that stand up to metal salts. Even experienced chemists sometimes grab the wrong gloves—think lightweight latex instead of the right nitrile. That green dust finds cuts you didn’t notice. Good habits mean always changing gloves after use, washing thoroughly, and never skipping the goggles, even for “routine” weighing.
A chemical like Nickel Bromide Trihydrate doesn’t create emergencies single-handedly. Instead, it quietly punishes lapses in discipline—dust on balance trays, carelessly handled lids, rushed cleanups. Good storage comes down to consistency and caring about the details others might ignore. The moments you choose to double-check a label or move a bottle to the right spot add up. That’s the difference between trouble and just another ordinary day at the bench.
Nickel Bromide Trihydrate shows up in labs, classrooms, and factories. The name sounds technical, but the basic risk comes down to the nickel itself. I’ve spent years in environments where chemicals are part of daily life, and nickel salts keep demanding respect. They look like harmless crystals—shiny, greenish, sometimes sitting in an open jar. Looks deceive. Even in small amounts, these crystals can cause problems.
Where there’s nickel, there’s always a risk of allergic reactions. Nickel Bromide Trihydrate causes skin issues much faster. Brush against it with bare hands, it can trigger itching or redness. People with sensitive skin break out first. Dust can float into the air, especially during mixing or weighing. I’ve seen colleagues cough or complain about throat pain after just a few minutes in a poorly ventilated room.
This compound’s real danger hides in repeated or careless contact. Some research links nickel compounds to cancer, with authorities like the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) listing them as carcinogenic. I’ve read studies connecting inhaled nickel dusts to lung and nasal cancers among workers with daily exposure in manufacturing. The bromide part adds toxicity, irritating airways and eyes on top of what the nickel already does.
Swallowing even small amounts is a mistake no one wants—nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain show up quickly. Nickel builds up slowly in the body over weeks or months if someone ignores protection guidelines. Over time, that load attacks kidneys, lungs, and the circulatory system. Even if someone feels healthy, blood tests can tell a different story.
Decades in chemical prep rooms have hammered this home: never skip the gloves. Nitrile or latex gloves stand up better against nickel compounds than bare skin or fabric. Ventilation fans, dust masks, and protective eyewear matter as much as the gloves. People who ignore safety data sheets or skip training put themselves at risk.
I always advocate for clear labeling and good storage. It seems simple, but one mislabeled jar can start a chain of mistakes nobody wants. Nickel Bromide Trihydrate stored with leaking lids or on crowded shelves easily sheds dust. Every workplace and classroom needs a written procedure for dealing with spills and accidental exposure, not just a vague mention in the safety manual.
Setting up regular blood or urine nickel monitoring for workers helps spot slow accumulation before it turns into a bigger health concern. Encouraging hand washing with soap, not just rinsing off, beats most problems before they start. Waste disposal should funnel these compounds into hazardous waste, not the regular trash.
I’ve seen environments where people act casual around chemicals, trusting that nothing will happen because it hasn’t yet. Complacency never ends well with nickel compounds of any kind. Taking a few minutes to suit up, double-check labels, and clean up handles most of the real risks. Proper care protects everyone, especially those who can’t see the harm waiting just beneath the surface.
The data on nickel salt toxicity keeps growing. Authorities like OSHA and NIOSH call for specific exposure limits and ongoing monitoring. Decision-makers who pick up on these warnings support healthier workplaces. Training sessions led by experienced people matter more than any printed poster.
Nickel Bromide Trihydrate shouldn’t create panic, but it never deserves a careless approach. Use, always with respect and precaution, keeps health risks manageable for all.
Every chemistry lab and industrial shop sees bottles labeled “Nickel Bromide Trihydrate.” The name comes with risk. This bright green salt isn’t just a mouthful—it demands respect. Anyone who spent afternoons doling out reagents knows that nickel compounds can bring health risks. Even low-level exposure opens the door to allergic skin reactions or, with more persistent contact, longer-term problems. Some forms of nickel are even recognized as carcinogenic. Add bromide to the mix and you’re looking at even greater need for care.
A single drop down the drain might not seem like much. Still, heavy metals like nickel don’t just vanish as they swirl through the pipes. Local wastewater systems choke when hit with chemicals they’re not designed to handle. Nickel can slip into nearby rivers and lakes, and that’s where it starts damaging aquatic life and working its way up food chains. I’ve seen up close how towns fight to reclaim their water after decades of heavy metal use.
Safe disposal really begins with preparation. It helps to keep chemicals labeled, stored in tight containers, and away from sinks, drains, or trash bins. That might sound obvious, but too many people make the mistake of seeing a small container and thinking, “It’s not enough to cause harm.” It doesn’t take much to leave behind a legacy.
Labs and factories usually work with licensed hazardous waste disposal companies. These companies specialize in hauling away chemicals for treatment or long-term storage. The process follows state and federal regulations—think U.S. EPA guidelines or stricter regional laws in Europe or Asia. That’s not just bureaucratic red tape. These rules exist because of hard-learned lessons about what happens when you treat chemicals like ordinary garbage.
The disposal technician often neutralizes or stabilizes nickel bromide compounds, converting dangerous material to something less reactive. Bromide, while less toxic than many other elements, still poses a threat to the environment in large enough amounts. The nickel part, on the other hand, requires special filtration or encapsulation to make sure it can’t leach into groundwater after burial.
Whether you work in an academic lab or a small chemical processing plant, ignoring safe disposal pushes risks onto your community. As someone who watched volunteers fish plastic and glass from waterways, I see the impact even small amounts of improper chemical disposal have on local environments—dodging proper disposal isn’t just a personal risk, it’s a broader one.
Cities and universities should think harder about how they educate staff and students on responsible chemical management. Safety data sheets aren’t just paperwork—they’re lifelines. Regular training can help everyone recognize why dumping even a little bit of nickel bromide trihydrate down the drain sets off a chain of harm.
Lab managers should keep clear logs of chemical use, track expiration dates, and connect with disposal services before a bottle sits forgotten on a dusty shelf. Open lines to hazardous waste professionals mean fewer guesswork mistakes and safer communities.
Safe chemical disposal doesn’t need to be complicated or costly. The cost comes later if shortcuts become the norm. With a little attention, the right partnerships, and respect for the science—cleaner water and safer neighborhoods follow. That’s a price worth paying.


| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | nickel(2+) dibromide trihydrate |
| Other names |
Nickel(II) bromide trihydrate
Nickel dibromide trihydrate |
| Pronunciation | /ˈnɪkəl ˈbroʊmaɪd traɪhaɪdreɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 13517-15-8 |
| Beilstein Reference | 3858733 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:134184 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL4150567 |
| ChemSpider | 20239173 |
| DrugBank | DB14506 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100041698 |
| EC Number | 236-664-6 |
| Gmelin Reference | 70782 |
| KEGG | C18636 |
| MeSH | D014713 |
| PubChem CID | 159434 |
| RTECS number | QR6475000 |
| UNII | U3A98JZO78 |
| UN number | UN2813 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | NiBr2·3H2O |
| Molar mass | 290.622 g/mol |
| Appearance | Green crystals |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 4.55 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | soluble |
| log P | -1.2 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 4.75 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | +720.0e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.698 |
| Dipole moment | 0 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 190.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | –270.3 kJ·mol⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | '' |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed, causes skin and serious eye irritation, may cause an allergic skin reaction, may cause cancer, toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
| GHS labelling | GHS05, GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS06,GHS05 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H317, H319, H334, H341, H350, H360D, H372, H410 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313, P362+P364, P337+P313 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-0-0 |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 Oral Rat 350 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose) = Oral rat LD50: 350 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | QR6475000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) for Nickel Bromide Trihydrate: 1 mg/m3 (as Ni) |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.1 mg/m3 |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | IDLH: Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Nickel(II) bromide
Nickel(II) bromide dimethoxyethane complex Nickel(II) chloride Nickel(II) sulfate Nickel(II) nitrate |